Benefits of breast feeding and natural birthing techniques Research Paper

Benefits of breast feeding and natural birthing techniques - Research Paper Example On the other hand, nutrients in mother’s milk also help to prevent the spread of childhood infectious and noninfectious diseases. This means that the benefits of breastfeeding are limitless, and it is a momentous act a mother does to determine the present and future health of a child (Department of Health and Human Service Office on Womens Health , 2003). In the current world, breastfeeding has been considered not to be beneficial, and that infants can be fed formula milk and survive. I disagree with this and can say that formula milk will never have similar vitamins and nutrients that are in the human milk even if vitamin, minerals and supplements included in formula milk, additionally, breastfeeding is also beneficial to mothers. Firstly, breastfeeding prevents the high risks of infectious diseases on children. Research has shown that breast milk prevent children against infectious diseases like lower and upper respiratory infections than formula milk. These infections are caused by lack of immunity and antibacterial that are present in human milk, hence most children affected with these infections are those fed formula milk. Latest research has also indicated that breastfeeding helps in preventing urinary tract infections. Secondly, breastfeeding is also beneficial to children who are born as a result of pre- mature births leading to children being born before they fully develop. The term that is usually used by most medics is neurodevelopment. Studies have indicated that breastfeeding contributes to cognitive development of infants whereby children who are breastfed develop faster than those fed formula milk. However, it reduces the death rate during early childhood. Studies have indicated that most death is common in formula fed infants because there is no interaction that takes place between mother and child when breastfeeding hence, mothers’ intelligence during breastfeeding also contribute to few SIDS

Strategic Management and Transport Policy Critical Review Assignment

Strategic Management and Transport Policy Critical Review - Assignment Example The critical review aims at analysing sustainable transport and the modernisation of urban transport in cities. The paper makes use of research conducted by Thynell, Mohan, and Tiwari that investigates and provides results and conclusions on the transport sustainability and modernisation in Delhi and Stockholm. The paper will critically review this study as a basis to get conclusive evidence on areas that the study was effective and the not so effective areas that the researchers ought to have made improvements. The topic comes from the journal, Cities, Volume 27 published in 2010 titled, â€Å"Sustainable transport and the modernization of urban transport in Delhi and Stockholm†. The essay will make a summary of the main areas of the article with specific emphasis on the discussion, methods, results, and conclusions, provide a summary of three articles in the field inclusive of the article under review on the field, and provide value judgments on the article. The essay will n ot be in a position to provide a comprehensive view of the whole transport literature because of the limited time and length of the paper. The essays course is the provision of a view on the effective strategies that were applied or ought to have been applied in the completion of the transport article to ensure more success and provide a view of the literature on transport. The need for an efficient transport system has never been greater in cities with the growth of the economy and the modernisation of lifestyles. The effect was pressure for cities to invest in modern technology and ensure its sustainability as a measure of managing traffic and augment competitiveness in national and international context. The purpose of the article was to find politicians perceptions and examine the transport plans in Delhi and Stockholm in a view of finding the driving forces for infrastructure plans and transport policy.

Marketing Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing Communications Plan - Essay Example Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit that is responsible for the production and marketing of its video games consoles including the Sony PlayStation. The history of the PlayStation began in 1988 when Sony and Nintendo worked together on a product called the Super Disc. However, Sony and Nintendo parted company and the Super Disc was never launched by Nintendo. In 1991, Sony modified the Super Disk as part of its development of the first Sony PlayStation. Sony launched the long awaited PlayStation 3 in the USA in 2006 just two days before the launch of the Wii from Nintendo. These two new consoles proved to be immensely popular and most retail shops sold out of both within days. Soon afterwards both of the consoles appeared for resale in large numbers on the auction website eBay. The asking prices for some of these resale consoles were up to five times the original retail price. Microsoft's Xbox 360 console had a one-year lead in the market and enjoyed buoyant sales as a result. Nintendo's Wii positioned itself away from its main two competitors through the deployment of its ground-breaking motion-sensing controller (Cheng J, Mark Freeman-Aloiau M, Xin Guo, Pullen A. 2007) In 2In 2009, the PlayStation 3, helped by a $100 price cut, has outsold Nintendo's Wii console for the first time. Sales of the PlayStation 3 more than doubled to 491,800, while those of the Wii fell 33% to 462,800 (Satariano, A. 2009). The PlayStation 3 is expected to give a further boost to Sony's earnings in time for Christmas this year when the latest version of the blockbuster role-playing game for the PlayStation, 'Final Fantasy', is launched in December (iStockAnalyst, 2009). 2.0 Marketing Strategy 2.1 Positioning Strategy Sony uses the newest and greatest technology to appeal to their customers. The people who are most interested in staying up-to-date with the newest technology are usually men of the ages 15-30. To reach that market, they make games that are attractive to men of those ages; these games tend to be the shooters and high action games such as Kill Zone and God of War. However, they do make games for younger children; these games have a more adventure based game play such as Jak and Daxter and Crash Bandicoot. Beyond gaming, Sony also hopes to reach movie buffs with their high-definition movie playback thanks to Blu-ray technology. Blu-ray offers the latest advancement in movie entertainment experience. The detail of these movies is so good that you can literally see individual pores on people's faces. As you might expect, this means detail on everything is very high and movie buffs love this. 2.2 Product Strategy The PS3 offers the most advanced visuals and audio of any other game console and most computers. Hardcore gamers want their games to be more visually pleasing, and that is exactly what Sony has given them. They have changed very little about control setup except they have added some motion sensitivity (after they saw Nintendo unveil this feature in the Wii); this means that people who have played PS1 and/or PS2 won't have to learn how to hold and use the controller all over again. Also, there are a lot of classic games available for download via the Playstation Network (for a

Service Operations Management2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Operations Management2014 - Essay Example To this end, the paper will make use of developmental strategies espoused by Cooper and Kleinschmidt (2011) as being integral to launching a product or a business unit in any market. These concepts include defining the target market, identifying the needs, preference and wants of the potential customer, as well as defining the product and/or business concept, its specifications and requirements, in an adequate and satisfactory manner. In order to be able to maximize sales, it is important that we understand the nature of the target customer, more so their preference and desires. Through this, the business is able to establish the existence of a potent customer base as well as learn how to render the service or product in the best way that meets the needs of the customers. In addition, the business is able to develop appropriate marketing strategies capable of reaching the customer base as well as ways of improving the delivery of the marketing strategies (Neelankavil and Rai, 2014). Availing information on the service package on the other hand enables the business to define the different services bundles ranging from supporting facility to facilitating goods, explicit to implicit services, and their impacts on the wellbeing of the business. For years, the target market for fast food businesses has been the young generation. This is so because the young people have an insatiable appetite for good food available on the go. This group also forms the largest of our target market for this business, and in addition to which we are introducing other food that appeal to the elderly as well. This diversification is aimed at reaching out to a larger market segment in order to guarantee quantifiable sales at the onset of the business, and to lay ground for our brand identification as an all-inclusive one. Shenkar, Luo and Chi (2014) advance that focusing on a younger market segment is important to the success of a business as it allows the business to

Mathicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Research Paper

Mathicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - Research Paper Example Methicillin resistant S. aureus is an antibiotic resistant form of S. aureus that has emerged as a significant strain of this bacterium. The first outbreak was reported in 1980 in the region of Detroit and since then MRSA has established itself as a clinically dominant community pathogen. In 2004, a study of adult patients who presented with purulent staphylococcal infections in the emergency, MRSA constituted a 78% of S. aureus infections (Crossley et al 272, 275). The community associated MRSA has been defined on the basis of the criteria provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the criteria, infections are classified as MRSA if (a) MRSA is isolated within 48 hours from a hospitalized patient, (b) the patient presents with a history of hospital admission, dialysis, surgery or long term care facility residence, (c) patient has an indwelling device during the time of culture isolation, (d) previous history of MRSA infection (Crossley et al 272). It is i mportant to differentiate the microbiological characteristics of the MRSA strains from the S. aureus, the disease spectrum and manifestations so that a correct diagnosis and treatment plan can be devised. Fig 1 :Prevalence of MRSA shown in relation to the age of the patients performed by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 (Crossley et al 281). The microbiological characteristics of the staphylococcus aureus are significant in understanding the clinical course of the disease. Staphylococci are included in the Gram positive bacteria which are signified by their catalase-positive and facultative anaerobic properties. Staphylococci measure 0.2-1.5 micro-meters in diameter and produce golden yellow colonies on agar or broth cultures within 12-24 hours at 37 C. The colonies are formed in grape like cluster formation or in the form of pairs, chains or even single bacterium (Weston 128). MRSA is a type of S. aureus that is resistant to a group of antibiotics call ed beta-lactams. This group includes Methicillin and others such as oxacillin, amoxicillin and penicillin (Centers for disease control and prevention n.p.). Fig 2: Representation of the MRSA colonies on the cultures agar observed through microscopic examination (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention n.p.). The epidemiology of MRSA is mostly significant in health-care facilities. MRSA is typically introduced through patients who are transferred from other health care settings. Doctors are also considered as important sources of inter-hospital spread of MRSA infections. Spouses of patients can also act as reservoirs of infections at several times. Colonization occurs rapidly once MRSA is introduced into a hospital. Open wound diseases such as skin diseases including chronic dermatitis, ulcers, burns, surgical wounds and decubitus ulcers predispose the patients to the MRSA colonization. Aged and debilitated patients, patients on poor anti-microbial therapy, intensive-care patients , patients of chronic hemodialysis or long-term hospitalized patients are at higher risks for MRSA infection development (Gantz et al 264,265). Apart from patients in health care facilities, visitors of infected patients are also at high risk. Disease is transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, touching or kissing. Close skin to skin contact or contact of open wounds with contaminated items and surfaces also predisposes to MRSA infections. Crowded living conditions and locations

Critical review on the movieThe lottery directed by Madeleine Sackler Movie

Critical on the movieThe lottery directed by Madeleine Sackler - Movie Review Example As per the film, the UFT fight to repossess the closed down building of a public school whose ownership changes to that of Harlem group of schools. In contrast, the UTF and the public view this move as one to degrade the public schools, which is not. A summary of the movie’s argument The film follows in the lives of four children namely Eric Jr., Ameenah, Greg Jr., and Christian whose backgrounds are seemingly different. The film portrays them as being the carriers of the ambitions and dreams of what their parents could not achieve in their hay days. The four children compete for the one opening available in the school. However, the events surrounding the schools closure give a twist to the whole story. A better part of the anti-charter schooling activists fight all through to lock out Harlem School from accessing public money. In addition, the closure of the public school draws the view that charter schools are better than those public schools. The film depicts the stakes on public education, as not all the stakeholders participate in deciding whether the Harlem Success School should possess the collapsed public school. The chances of winning these lotteries are relatively low, but the movie shows that it is worth trying their luck. The demands and hindrances posed by the teachers’ unions are a constant hurdle that public schools have to overcome. In essence, it makes the quality of learning in public schools to deteriorate. The argument brought out in this film is that they need not do away with public schools but should create more charter schools to benefit many. Sackler’s argument was that for her, she was not a politician but she only wanted to point out the real picture of the situation in the society. About the interview she had with Barry Weiss, the movie was not in any way political, as it did not take any political stand. It neither took sides nor did point accusing fingers at any one. She argues that the inspiration behind the f ilm was the number of disappointed parents she had witnessed during a lottery selection process. The need to ascertain why parents opted to undergo the risky fifty-fifty chance to acquire this chance for their children inspired her to do the film. Essentially, the movie’s argument was on why the chances to attend charter schools were necessary to many parents and children alike. Secondly, Sackler’s argument was that the future of public education was also at stake. According to Weiss, her stumbling upon a group of protesters protesting against the current state of the public schools inspired her into doing the film. The fact that UTF had paid Acorn to silence them over the advocacy of charter schools to public schools during the protest was also present in the film. As per her film, the level of bureaucracy in the public schools and the governing of public schools were detrimental to the children’s future. Therefore, her argument was that a broader look in to th e affairs of the teachers’ unions responsible for the running of public schools was a matter of importance. Her argument was if there were high ranked institutions that could accord high quality of education, and then why not create many others. Thirdly, Miss Sackler argues that many parents ignore what the charter school is about hence they just view it as a gateway to success for their children. In essence, she uses a deaf

Discuss the relevant ethical and legal issues based on the case study Essay

Discuss the relevant ethical and legal issues based on the case study - Essay Example Nevertheless, medication has its confines. Whereas these restrictions may change with developments in science and technology, it is misleading to behave as if medicine can defeat all illnesses and death itself. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) public view has been one of over-assurance; this is somewhat because of the incorrect resuscitation portrayal in TV dramas in which it is recognized as an epic event where the patient attains a remarkable recovery. Regrettably, this is not mirrored in the signs of subsistence to discharge. Within hospital cardiac-arrests, normally, less than one in 7 (15%) patients live on. This essay examines the ethical and legal issues of placing DNR adult without informing the patient or the family. The NFR order Expert assistance has been issued by the UK’s Resuscitation Council concerning the usage of advance NFR orders. They affirm that NFR orders must be rendered after contemplation of prime matters: the patient's recognized or ascertainab le desires; the possibility of successfully reviving the breathing and the heart of the patient as well as the patient's human-rights, such as the privilege to life plus the privilege to be uninhibited from demeaning treatment (Herbert 2008). A NFR order designates that cardiopulmonary resurgence will not be instigated during a patient's respiratory or cardiac arrest, but does permit for any other remedial interventions. Nonetheless, some liken having a NFR directive with the removal or denying of other therapeutic interventions that is not the purpose. This absence of precision causes fear amongst the overall public (Kerridge Lowe & Stewart 2009). There has been current public concern concerning the NFR orders usage after a number of cases where patients or even their families have objected that resuscitation directives have been included in their medical records without their consent or knowledge, mainly in the circumstance of old patients, a better example is Mrs Lily scenario . Two concerns have arisen: firstly, that of clandestine decision-making and, secondly, ageism. Following much debate within the media plus including Age Alarm, the Health Department dispensed a memo to every NHS trustasking that chief administrators guaranteed that suitable resuscitation policies that respect patients' privileges were briefed. Some investigations have revealed that, with escalating age, CPR has worse results, nevertheless; a more current study exhibited that oldness was not a noteworthy influence when considering the aftermaths of cardiac-arrest. Corresponding to this, other findings have established that patients above the age of seventy with slight or no co-existing severe ailment were as expected to live as fresher patients. Age, therefore, in itself ought not to be a contra-suggestion to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Hayward, 2009). Advance directives An 'advance directive' provides patients the lawful right to provide, or deny, assent to particular medical cure s prospectively. Their use must ensure that health experts are sentient of specific patients' desires if their state should worsen and they undergo loss of psychological capacity. The British Medical Association (2000) issued a protocol of practice that specified that competent cognizant adults have a reputable legal entitlement to reject medical processes beforehand and that, where lawful and appropriate, an ’