Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007 Summary

Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007 Summary Introduction Broadly, a forced marriage takes place where both parties have failed to give valid consent and there is duress involved. The Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007 inserted s63A into the Family Law Act 1996, which gives family courts power to make Forced Marriage Protection Orders (injunctions) to protect a person from being forced into a marriage or from any attempt to be forced into a marriage; or a person who has been forced into a marriage. An order can forbid families from: taking a person abroad for marriage, taking their passport away, and intimidating someone into agreeing to marry. It can also require family members to reveal the whereabouts of a person who is being forced into marriage. The police can apply for a Forced Marriage Order, a breach of which can be punished by two years imprisonment. As of 16 June 2014 there are two new criminal offences relating to forced marriage. Section 63CA Family Law Act 1996 creates a criminal offence of breaching a forced marriage protection order, which carries a maximum sentence of five years imprisonment. In addition, s121 Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 makes it a criminal offence to use violence, threats, or any other form of coercion to cause someone to enter into a forced marriage. This offence is punishable by up to seven years imprisonment. Forced marriage is now a criminal offence under s121 Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. The breach of a Forced Marriage Protection Order is an offence under s120 2014 Act. Forced marriage is a marriage where one or both spouses do not consent to the marriage, and duress is involved.[1]However, a forced marriage is different from an arranged marriage. An arranged marriage is where the families and/or friends of two young people take a lead role in arranging or determining the suitability of their prospective marriage but the consent is still needed.[2] The forced Marriage Unit (FMU) is a government agency to . The statistic has showed that many victims of forced marriage do not actually report the matter to relevant authorities. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the effectiveness of family law in protecting victims and potential victims from forced marriage. Therefore, the inherent jurisdiction of the court, the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007, the criminalisation of forced marriage and the possible alternatives for victims who have been forced to wed will be discussed in this essay. Inherent Jurisdiction For Children Victim Nullity (For person who had been forced to wed) Enforcement of a FMPO Contempt of Court The main weakness with this legislation is The Family Law Act 1996 (Forced Marriage) (Relevant Third Party) Order 2009 Enforcement of a FMPO Criminal Offence Forced marriage is now a criminal offence under Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Police Act 2014. A person commits an offence under the law of England and Wales if he or she uses violence, threats or any other form of coercion for the purpose of causing another person to enter into a marriage, and believes, or ought reasonably to believe, that the conduct may cause the other person to enter into the marriage without free and full consent.[3] A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to a fine or both; on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years.[4] Other Protection or Assistance against Forced Marriage Conclusion Bibliography Table of Cases UK cases A v SM and HB (Forced Marriage Protection Orders) [2012] EWHC 435 (Fam) A Chief Constable v YK, RB, ZS, SI, AK and MH [2011] 1 FLR 1493 Bedfordshire Police Constabulary v RU [2013] EWHC 2350 (Fam) Hirani v Hirani [1983] 4 FLR 232 M v B, A and S (by the Official Solicitor) [2006] 1 FLR 117 NS v MI [2007] 1 FLR 444 SK (Proposed Plaintiff) (An Adult by Way of her Litigation Friend) [2005] 2 FLR 230 European Cases Table of Legislation Table of Legislation: UK Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 Children Act 1989 Family Law Act 1996 Forced Marriages (Civil Protection) Act 2007 Table of Legislation: EU Table of Legislation: Other jurisdictions Government Publications Books Gilmore S and Glennon L, Hayes Williams Family Law (5th edn, OUP 2016) Harris-Short S, Miles J and George R, Family Law (3rd edn, OUP 2015) Herring J, Family Law: Marriage (7th edn, Pearson Education Limited 2015) Probert R and Harding M, Cretney and Proberts Family Law (9th edn, Sweet Maxwell 2015) Journal Articles Patel H, Langdale R and Obe H, Forced Marriage: the Concept and Law [2009] Fam Law 726 Pearce N and Gill A, Criminalising Forced Marriage through Stand-alone Legislation: Will It Work? [2012] Fam Law 534 Website [1] Rachel Langdale, Anne-Marie Hutchinson and Hanisha Patel, Forced Marriage: The Concept and Law (2009) 39 Fam Law 726, 726. [2] Ibid 726. [3] Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, s 121(1). [4] Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, s 121(9).

Sylvia Plath Theme of Honesty

Jade Bevan Word count: 2821 ‘Plath uses honesty in the character or ‘Esther’ to reflect her personal anxieties’. Explore the theme of honesty in ‘The Bell Jar’ by Sylvia Plath and Emily Dickinson’s ‘Selected Poems’. In the course of your writing show how your ideas have been illuminated by your response to ‘Catcher in the Rye’ by J. D. Salinger and other readings of both texts. The theme of honesty is one that is echoed throughout all three of the authors writing, but is expressed in different ways. Sylvia Plath’s character ‘Esther Greenwood’ in ‘The Bell Jar’ is much like J.D. Salinger’s character ‘Holden Caulfield’ in ‘Catcher in the Rye’. Both characters have a cynical tendency to constantly reveal their inner most opinions about the society around them, discussing their feelings about personalities and appearances. Plath and Salinger were both born in the early twentieth century, despite this had completely opposing backgrounds and upbringings. Plath experienced a quiet and subtle early life in Winthrop Massachusetts, a small seaport town. Whereas Salinger endured a mainstream, fast paced and fashionable beginning in the city of New York.Both these places can make a person incredibly sociable or utterly isolated. Emily Dickinson’s ‘Selected Poems’ also reveals honesty and she confesses her depression very openly and concisely. Being born in the nineteenth century, Dickinson often expresses her opinions of the social placement of women and their restricted lives. She is unlike the ‘stereotypical woman’ of her era, and retaliates in her writing against the inequalities between the sexes. Many critics believe her to be a feminist.Throughout the ‘Coming of age’ novel ‘The Bell Jar’, Greenwood, the protagonist narrator, is constantly breaking down situations, people an d objects around her, like saliva to food. She over analyses the nature of society all around her, and enjoys criticising. When Greenwood first introduces the reader to ‘Doreen’, the mischievous opposite to Greenwood, she contradicts her description beginning with ‘I guess one of my troubles was Doreen’. This statement makes the reader begin to build a negative, unpleasant personality in their minds. However she concludes her escription with ‘a mysterious sneer, as if all the people around her were pretty silly and she could tell some good jokes on them if she wanted to’. This statement shows a clear admiration for Doreen, differing from the initial introduction, however also shows Esther expressing her opinion of Doreen being a mean kind of person, but likes that about her. This could be considered to be a hidden metaphor, for Greenwood’s slow decent into depression and madness, beginning with confusion and uncertainty, typical signs of insanity, which reflects the rest of her story. This is an upfront and honest introduction to the novel.This shows a friendship between the two characters, but a kind that is of a girlish jealous nature. Greenwood clearly admires Doreen’s personality but envies her social power at the same time. Plath also reveals Greenwood’s detachment and alienation from others throughout the novel, isolating her character. This could be to remind the reader of her insane self compared to the sane society and people around her. This can be explained through Greenwood stating ‘I felt myself shrinking to a small black dot against all those red and white rugs, and that pine-panelling.I felt like a hole in the ground’, in this short description of her feelings, she shows vast indications of isolation and depression. The use of the words ‘shrinking’ and ‘small’ reflect her feelings of disappearing and becoming non-existent to the world. Also, descri bing herself as ‘black’ compared to the ‘red and white rugs’ is a use of juxtaposition in the colours, which show how uninteresting she finds herself, being dull and dark in comparison to the bright vibrant rugs, which could imply the rest of society around her. This identification of herself could be considered an honest view of how others perceive her.Another character that is slated by Esther’s criticism is Dr. Gordon. She belittles him by saying ‘How could this Dr. Gordon help me anyway? With his beautiful wife, and his beautiful children, and his beautiful dog, haloing him like a Christmas card’. Dr. Gordon is the psychiatrist who made a mistake during Esther’s electroshock therapy in a terrible way. As the patriarch of the ideal American family, Dr. Gordon seems to represent American society, punishing Esther for going against social expectations, rejecting marriage and family.This shows her honesty and awareness of her soci al differences and views with the rest of society, and is mocking them for being so stereotypical. Her repetition of the word ‘and’ reminds the reader of a list, almost as though Esther is expressing that there are endless differences between society and herself. J. D. Salinger uses the character of Holden Caulfield in parallel with Plath’s character Greenwood, a first person, and protagonist narrator. Holden also suffers with the illness of contradiction, alongside insanity of course, this is another similarity the two characters share.The reader is introduced to an upfront, confident Holden, whom from the setting of the novel, is obviously tense with the topic of family, and starts by stating ‘I don’t feel like going into all of it’, then continues to ‘go into it all’ by describe how annoyed his parents would be if he disclosed any personal information, ‘Especially my father’. He is building a personality of his fat her without realizing, showing a particular conflict with his father, more so than other members of the family. He is also separating himself from his family in that he would openly discuss their issues, whereas his family would not.Essentially, the readers receive an immediate separation and self alienation from his family, and recognise Holden’s critical personality from the start. It is clear that throughout ‘The Bell Jar’, the character of Esther is used by Plath to explore the theme of sexuality, and the effect the 1950’s attitude towards sex had on the women of that time. ‘Then he just stood there in front of me and I kept staring at him. The only thing I could think of was turkey neck and turkey gizzards and I felt very depressed. This description of Buddy’s penis does not only reveal Esther’s criticisms of other further, but we begin to see her real attitude towards sex and Buddy himself. The general theme between Esther and Bud dy is that of sexual tension and virginity, however, although Esther is supposed to be ‘in love’ with buddy, it’s quite clear that she is not attracted to him and is not very fond of him altogether, we see this at the point where she is supposed to be at her most happy or intimate, when Buddy becomes naked in front of her, she feels ‘very depressed’.This may not be completely down to the appearance of Buddy’s private parts, but may be Esther’s attitude towards sex altogether, that she is only so eager to lose her virginity because it was the social norm, and wanted to be ‘part of a great tradition’. Esther shows her honest view upon societies attitude towards sex and its sexist inequalities towards sex when she says ‘I couldn’t stand the idea of a woman having to have a single pure life and a man being able to have a double life, one pure one not. ’ Plath is trying to portray through Esther her rebelliou s opinions towards sexual inequalities between men and women.In the novel, Esther discovers that sexuality is divorced from any expression of love and passion. Sex for women is only a necessity within marriage to have children, and has no relevance with romance or intimacy, Esther could be showing the reader her honest feelings of wanting to have a double life like the men of her era, and be able to experience sexual encounters out of passion and love, no just for starting a family, without being judged. However could also be suggesting her view that all people should remain celibate until marriage, both men and women, but on both interpretations, she is yearning for equality amongst the sexes.With Emily Dickinson’s unconventional style of writing and rebellious grammar, it is not a surprise that her poems do not meet the same literacy concepts as Plath and Salinger. Her poem ‘A Narrow fellow In the Grass’ reflects her individuality and opposing touch of honesty towards sexuality in every stanza. The literal and logical interpretation for the poem is her longing to see a snake in the grass, but only being able to glance at sections of the snake. However, Luann Suhr claims that the poem ‘is in fact about the fear a virgin has towards sex’.This differs from Plath and Salinger’s habit of blurting constant criticism of others, and shows a clear self aggravation and criticism. There are many literary devices used to allude to its sexual theme. Dickinson shows the fear of a virgin by knowing the naturalness of sex yet still being afraid of it. This is accomplished through the literary devices of personification, metaphor, and visual imagery. In the first line of the first stanza, by using the word â€Å"fellow† in her description of the snake she alludes to the snake in regards to man. In colloquial terms, the word snake is often used with regards to male genitalia.A â€Å"narrow fellow† can therefore be read as the male penis. This could also relate to her opinion of men being sneaky like snakes towards the concept of sex, compared to the expectations of a woman to remain celibate, showing her honest neglect of the sexist attitude that society has to sexuality. The second stanza ‘The grass divides as with a comb- Aspotted shaft is seen- And then it closes at your feet and opens further on’ Dickinson has purposely used opposing adjectives to represent her curiosity about sex, how one moment she is captivated by the idea of losing her virginity, then the next her mind closes’ her imagination because she knows she must remain celibate until marriage. It could also represent a previous sexual encounter that was never fulfilled, she is giving the reader an insight into her mind and how ‘dividing’ her mind like this could cause her mental illness to thrive. Once she has captured a small snippet of understanding ‘Aspotted shaft’, her sub conscious â⠂¬Ëœcloses’ her out. Dickinson’s confusion is clear, it sounds almost as though she is at war with herself, insanity, society and again differs from Plath and Salinger in that she does not alienate herself from society, but from her own emotions and desires.Despite this, she carries on fantasizing about this sexual encounter by saying â€Å"sudden is† Dickinson is stating that this male is quick to ejaculate. This can be further proved by the line before which says, â€Å"you may have met him†. The word â€Å"met† can be referring to the sexual meeting, and therefore puts a sexual connotation to the next line. When Dickinson reaches for this thing that scares her so much, it disappears. In the end of stanza four, she says, â€Å"it wrinkled, and was gone†. This is the visual imagery of a penis becoming flaccid.This man she is describing may represent her constant need to please, and fit in. Her honest desperation to communicate her frame of mind seeps through, when the reader finishes the poem to discover, that not even in the final stanza, does she reveal the root of the poem or what its meaning is, leaving readers to feel her confusion, to have a sense of what it would be like to suffer from mental illness, not knowing why or understanding the thoughts she has. Her complete sincerity leaves the reader, in a state of confusion, reflecting her everyday agenda.An aspect of honesty which can be related to all three authors is the honesty with the self and self reflection. Sylvia Plath uses the character of Esther Greenwood to portray her own personal attributes that she struggled to express in reality. We see this when greenwood describes her drink as ‘wet an depressing’, the very statement that a drink is depressing shows how irritating her character is, in the sense that she complains and reverts anything and everything she sees or touches to seem as depressing as she is.This could be Plath expressing thro ugh Greenwood that she is irritated by herself and her own character, the illness is not only discovered, but it irritates her, revealing a full acknowledgement of its existence. This honest analysis in itself portrays that Greenwood sees herself as an irritation to society and this could explain her isolated behaviour, a fear of not being accepted. Another self reflective part of the novel is stage in which Esther begins to lose touch with herself worth, ‘I started adding up all the things I couldn’t do’†¦ I felt inadequate’. Up until the summer before Esther’s senior year, she had done a good job at being a student of literature. However the thought of entering the real world terrifies her. The world she lives in seems to have no place for the literary ideals that she cherishes, which of course is her being pessimistic. This could be forcing her to doubt herself, and self worth towards the world, which may represent Plath attempting to portra y Esther as feeling worthless and useless.Or, another view could be that Esther sees herself as being too complex and misunderstood for the simple minds and dreams of the typical American girl of that era. Emily Dickinson shows honesty with the self and self reflection in the poem ‘The soul has Bandaged moments’ which explores through symbolism, an internalised spiritual and psychological state of experiences of the soul. Which is personified as a woman, and some may interoperate the personification to be Dickinson herself. In the first stanza it says ‘The soul has bandaged moments’ which shows a physical and abstract outlook and insight of the soul.It also implies injury and pain that could metaphorically mean that the soul being personified as Dickinson, she is hurt by her mental illness and attempts to heal herself when ‘she feels some ghastly fright come up to stop and look at her’. This could represent her soul searching and not being fond of what she finds in her mind, or it could alternatively represent her mental illness of depression creeping up on her, it has a sinister feel and may be considered that the mental illness is trespassing, on the privacy of her soul and self.She views this as a form of psychological assault and molester by using words in stanza two such as, ‘caress’ and ‘hovered-o’er’. These bring feelings of uncomfortability and helplessness to the reader. Dickinson is trying to express the mercilessness of insanity. This shows Dickinson’s fear of herself and her capability, some may view it as a panic towards her ever-growing stronger insanity and her ever-growing weaker free will against is. To conclude, a critic once claimed that ‘Writers, who suffer with mental illness, are likely to revolve their writing around complete honesty of their mind.Which, in a sense, creates more emotional and believable connections with the reader, making the insanity se em normal, and allow the reader to feel an attachment with the author’, some may consider this statement to be complete nonsense, however, the analytical evidence shows that there may be some truth in this observation. One may find the ability for Plath, Dickinson and Salinger, all of different era and lifestyle, to have managed to create such personalities and mind wondering scenarios with just the use of a single concept of honesty to be greatly admired.

The Importance Of Sports In Sports - 888 Words

As of right now, were seemingly wrapping up what was the craziest NBA off-season in the history of the league. Crazy may not even be the best word to describe it. In fact, momentous may be the ideal word to describe the madness weve witnessed for the past few months. Teams began training camp earlier this week, and 12-time all-star Dwyane Wade reunited with LeBron James and the Cleveland Cavaliers just two days ago. Normally, when star players make the transition to a new team, questions instantly arise. How will they fit in with their new team? Are they in a better position to win a championship? This off-season was nonetheless full of transactions by teams to try and dethrone the dominant reigning 2016-17 NBA Champion Golden State†¦show more content†¦So, theyd already improved and then likely upgrade with the acquisition of Irving. For the first time in a long time, it feels like James finally has some real competition out East. All thanks to Golden State, the Western Conference received the biggest shake-up. One of the most improved teams in the West last year was the Houston Rockets. Head coach Mike DAntoni made the decision to move James Harden to point guard which ended up a MVP-caliber season for Harden. Well, this off-season Houston trades point guard Patrick Beverly, forward Sam Dekker, Lou Williams, DeAndre Liggins, Montrezl Harrell, Kyle Wiltjer, a top-three-protected 2018 first-round pick and $661,000 to the Clippers in exchange for point guard Chris Paul. Honestly, on the NBA 2K video game, this makes total sense. But, in the real world, in the real NBA, it makes none. As mentioned earlier, Harden is coming off his best season yet after becoming the teams distributor/point guard. Harden is a player who needs the ball in his hands to make plays. Then you add Paul who also needs the ball in his hand? On paper, it looks great, but this is one where Im not completely sure how much theyve truly improved. Finally, weve reached the team that made the biggest splash this off-season -- the Thunder. Lets begin with the sweepstakes for Paul George. Apparently, news surfaces early in the off-season that George will sign with the Los Angeles Lakers when he becomes a free-agent (after the 2017-18 season.) AsShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Sports In Sports1348 Words   |  6 PagesMy whole life I’ve participated in a variety of different sports. At some point every one of my coaches, no matter the sport, have had to encourage me to try and have a more positive mindset. To me, losing or being bad at a sport hurts more than any physical pain I’ve ever experienced. When I was a small child it took the amount of time to go through a drive through for me to learn and compete with other children in most sports. Athletics just came naturally to me. 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SinceRead MoreThe Importance Of Sports In Sports1356 Words   |  6 PagesEvery year, millions of people gather in hordes to flood massive football stadiums and crowd in front of seventy-two inch flat screens, beers stacked high and spirits even higher. Football and other sports have become woven into the very fabric of our nation, a unifying force and one creating a common ground for people of all different ideas. Yet, the overpayment of professional athletes has societal implications far beyond just income inequality based upon contributions to the national communityRead MoreThe Importance Of Sports In Sports1080 Words   |  5 Pagesseventy percent of kids quit sports by age thirteen due to their parents’ pressure and their excuse is â€Å"it is not fun anymore† (Miner). Parents need to understand there is a difference between encouraging their child’s ability and stressing them out (Braff). Although sports are very enjoyable, I believe that if parents pus h their kids too hard to be the best in sports, it has a negative effect on how they feel about playing the sport because they will get burned out in the sport and they will end up hatingRead MoreThe Importance Of Sports In Sports1043 Words   |  5 Pagesare my top 5. First – The Aggies running game will allow them to control and dictate the pace of this game. Currently, Texas AM ranks 2nd in the SEC in rushing offense, and Arkansas checks in 6th. They are averaging nearly 38 points per game, and have done some real damage on the ground, rushing for 756 yards in their three contests. 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Next, it keeps you in contact with g reat performance levels in school. Finally, participating in sports boosts your self esteem. Continue reading to understand the importance of participating in sports. Playing sports helps maintain close relationships with others. â€Å"Playing sports enable you to create friendships you otherwise might not have formed. SportsRead MoreImportance Of Sport1702 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is interesting about sport? Sport: small word, big concept. The purpose of this essay is to highlight what aspects of sport are interesting, further linking it to a specific discipline. There are many disciplines within sport that are interesting, however, from my point of view, sociology is the most interesting one as it gives a true picture to what sports is like within society, in addition it emphasises the significance of sport in society since the early nineteenth century (Bell, 2009)

U.s Foreign Policy During The Nineteenth Century - 1226 Words

Zakisha H. U.S foreign policy Through the nineteenth century, America concentrated on conquering the West from the Natives, and to remain in isolation from the foreign sectors of the world. Once industrialized and more robust, it began looking for markets and colonies overseas. U.S foreign was designed to secure and open the door for trading internationally. More importantly foreign policy secure alliance and defense to protect its national interests around the world.. Initially, U.S foreign policy had great intentions because it favored self-determination of nations for independence. Also, it supported nations that were democratic. Nevertheless, U.S foreign policy also at times contradicted and struggled with realities of†¦show more content†¦Americans often thought of themselves of the police of international affairs ,but, really they were the international bullies. Time and time again they overthrown governments for no legit reason. For an example when Americans conspired and overthrew the Hawaii an queen Liliuokalani. Americans were use to getting what they wanted. They had â€Å"influences† over king Kalakaua of Hawaii at the time into releasing land which no native Hawaiian had the right to own. â€Å"A few dozen American and European families effectively controlled both the economy and the government, ruling through a succession of native monarchs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As long as they had a native monarch to protect their personal interests they were safe. When King Kalakaua died, and his sister Liliuokalani took the throne she was â€Å"in an independent frame of mind† She made it known she wanted to restore the power of her monarchy. As stated in Overthrown: America s Century Of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq by Stephen Kinzer â€Å"high property qualifications for voting would be eliminated, and the power of nonnative elite would be sharply curtailed.† Restoring the power of the monarch meant no U.S influence in Hawaii. 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